{"id":922,"date":"2023-06-06T01:37:49","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T01:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/?p=922"},"modified":"2023-06-06T22:20:07","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T22:20:07","slug":"tohum-isleme-tesisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/?p=922","title":{"rendered":"Tohum \u0130\u015fleme Tesisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TOHUMLUK;
a) Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k maddelerin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,
b) Ekilebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ayr\u0131lmas\u0131,
c) Zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ya da bozuk tohumlar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
d) Kalitenin iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve tohum ila\u00e7lanmas\u0131yla haz\u0131rlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TOHUM \u0130\u015eLEMEN\u0130N \u0130LKE VE A\u015eAMALARI: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern tohum i\u015flemede be\u015f farkl\u0131 konuya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Tamamen ay\u0131rma: Tohumdan istenmeyen t\u00fcm kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m unsurlar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Tohum kayb\u0131n\u0131n en d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck d\u00fczeyde olmas\u0131: Hemen t\u00fcm tohum i\u015fleme a\u015famalar\u0131nda
    kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k unsurlar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m iyi tohumda ana materyalden
    uzakla\u015f\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Kalite y\u00fckseltme: Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k unsurlar\u0131n, \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fck, k\u0131r\u0131k, bozuk, b\u00f6cek zararl\u0131, zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f
    ya da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck kaliteli \u00fcr\u00fcn tohumlar\u0131n\u0131n da uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Etkinlik: Y\u00fcksek ay\u0131rma kapasitesi etkin ay\u0131rma ile birlikte bulunmal\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. En az i\u015f\u00e7ilik gereksinimi: \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilik i\u015fleme giderlerini art\u0131r\u0131r ve bu kay\u0131p tekrar ele
    ge\u00e7irilemez.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    TOHUM DEPOLAMA
    Tohumlar\u0131n depolama s\u00fcresince canl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 azalabilir veya artabilir. Bununla beraber
    tohum depolama tohumun canl\u0131l\u0131k ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayb\u0131n\u0131 en az d\u00fczeyde tutma amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.
    Bilinen \u00fc\u00e7 tip tohum depolama vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. Tohumlar\u0131n hasad\u0131ndan gelecek ekim d\u00f6nemine kadar 6-8 ay s\u00fcreli depolama<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. Tohumlar\u0131n orta s\u00fcreli ve genellikle 12-14 ay s\u00fcreli depolanmas\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. Genetik stok, elit tohumlar\u0131 ve tohum test laboratuarlar\u0131nda yasal olarak ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f
      bulunan tohumlar\u0131n 5-20 y\u0131l yada daha uzun s\u00fcreli depolanmas\u0131<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      VERNAL\u0130ZASYON
      Serin ve so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelere uymu\u015f k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bitkilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu her y\u0131l geli\u015fmelerinin
      ilk devrelerinde belli bir s\u00fcre uyku devresi ge\u00e7irirler. Bu uyku devresine girme, s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck
      olmas\u0131 nedeni ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaz. Bu gibi biyolojik k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bitkiler, uygun ko\u015fullarda \u00e7imlenip
      belli bir b\u00fcy\u00fcme g\u00f6sterdikten sonra, ayn\u0131 uygun yeti\u015fme ko\u015fullar\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclse bile belli bir s\u00fcre
      ve belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k derecelerinde uyku devresi ge\u00e7irmezlerse, normal geli\u015fme devrelerini
      tamamlayamazlar. \u0130\u015fte bu nedenledir ki, serin ve so\u011fuk b\u00f6lgelerde yeti\u015fen bitkiler, tropik
      b\u00f6lgelere getirildiklerinde generatif geli\u015fme g\u00f6stermezler. \u0130\u015fte k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k bitkilerin generatif
      devreye ge\u00e7ebilmek i\u00e7in geli\u015fmelerinin ilk devrelerinde belli bir s\u00fcre belli bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k
      istemelerine \u201cvernalizasyon\u201d denir. So\u011fuk muamelesine ihtiya\u00e7 duyan bitkilerde, so\u011fuk
      temperature muamelerinin belirli b\u00f6lgelere lokalize edilmesi ile yap\u0131lan deneyler sonucunda,
      vernalizasyonun bitkideki kabul yerinin bitki b\u00fcy\u00fcme konisi oldu\u011fu kan\u0131s\u0131na var\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu
      b\u00fcy\u00fcme konisine al\u0131nan vernalizasyon uyart\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n bitkinin di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, CH
      ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131m eden fakt\u00f6rlerin vernalizasyon uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olduklar\u0131
      kabul edilmektedir. Vernalizasyon \u015fartlar\u0131nda olu\u015fan \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme uyan\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, h\u00fccre b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi
      yolu ile yeni olu\u015fan h\u00fccrelerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak etkinli\u011finin azalmadan ge\u00e7i\u015fip ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul
      edilmi\u015ftir. Yani sonu\u00e7 olarak vernalizasyonda i\u015f g\u00f6ren morfogenetik program\u0131n\u0131n; \u00e7ekirdek
      b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi, daha do\u011frusu DNA replikasyonu ile ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Yani apikal meristem
      h\u00fccrelerinde DNA replikasyonunun oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde DNA, sentezini
      inhibasyona u\u011fratan 5-Fleunodeayuridin\u2019in, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme etmeninin apikal meristeme eri\u015fti\u011fi
      kademede tatbik olunmas\u0131 halinde, \u00e7i\u00e7eklenmeyi \u00f6nleyi\u015fi de bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fc destekleyen bir
      sonu\u00e7tur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      TOHUMLUK;a) Kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k maddelerin uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,b) Ekilebilecek b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckte ayr\u0131lmas\u0131,c) Zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f ya da bozuk tohumlar\u0131n uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d) Kalitenin iyile\u015ftirilmesi ve tohum ila\u00e7lanmas\u0131yla haz\u0131rlan\u0131r. TOHUM \u0130\u015eLEMEN\u0130N \u0130LKE VE A\u015eAMALARI: Modern tohum i\u015flemede be\u015f farkl\u0131 konuya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterilmektedir. TOHUM DEPOLAMATohumlar\u0131n depolama s\u00fcresince canl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 azalabilir veya artabilir. Bununla berabertohum depolama tohumun canl\u0131l\u0131k ve g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn kayb\u0131n\u0131 en az d\u00fczeyde tutma amac\u0131yla yap\u0131l\u0131r.Bilinen…
      Devam\u0131<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=922"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1065,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/922\/revisions\/1065"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=922"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=922"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ayyildizgrup.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=922"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}